Motor: Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to drive the drill bit to rotate.
Gearbox (including planetary gear system): Adjusts output speed and torque; commonly uses multi-stage planetary gear structures to achieve high reduction ratio and high torque output.
Chuck (drill chuck): Used to hold drill bits or screwdriver bits, locked or released by rotating the outer sleeve.
Clutch Mechanism: Used to control output torque and prevent overload, usually composed of a spring-loaded plate and steel balls, slipping when the set torque is reached.
Speed Switch: Switches between low speed (high torque) and high speed (low torque) gears.
Forward/Reverse Switch: Changes the rotation direction by altering the motor circuit polarity.
Power System: Includes AC power cord or rechargeable battery pack (such as lithium-ion/nickel-cadmium batteries).